{"id":35751,"date":"2024-08-12T15:12:12","date_gmt":"2024-08-12T13:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/profil\/mudr-jan-bures-drsc\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T08:40:11","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T07:40:11","slug":"mudr-jan-bures-drsc","status":"publish","type":"profil","link":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/profil\/mudr-jan-bures-drsc\/","title":{"rendered":"MUDr. Jan Bure\u0161, DrSc."},"content":{"rendered":"

Zkoumal podstatu pam\u011bti u pokusn\u00fdch laboratorn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at a u \u010dlov\u011bka. Zjistil, jak vlna \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se deprese v mozkov\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e do\u010dasn\u011b zhor\u0161uje pam\u011b\u0165 a jak se informace uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed i v jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech mozku (hipokampu aj.). Jeho jm\u00e9no nese i cyklus Bure\u0161ov\u00fdch p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek<\/a>, kter\u00e9 \u00fastav od r. 2013 organizuje.<\/p>\n

V\u00edce o osobnosti Dr. Jana Bure\u0161e a jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed v FG\u00da<\/h3>\n

Jan Bure\u0161 za\u010dal v\u011bdecky pracovat jako student l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty pod veden\u00edm doc. Zde\u0148ka Serv\u00edta. Prvn\u00ed t\u00e9ma jeho v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159edstavovala epilepsie \u2013 v \u010dasn\u00fdch pades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech pochopiteln\u011b reflexn\u00ed. Dr. Bure\u0161 se z\u00e1hy se osamostatnil a zah\u00e1jil prvn\u00ed velkou kapitolu sv\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 aktivity, kdy\u017e se za\u010dal zab\u00fdvat fenom\u00e9nem a mechanismy \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se deprese elektroencefalografick\u00e9 (EEG) aktivity.<\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to oblasti publikoval mnoho z\u00e1sadn\u00edch prac\u00ed o mechanismu jej\u00edho vzniku, \u00faloze draseln\u00fdch iont\u016f a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vlny deprese, stejn\u011b jako o mo\u017enostech blok\u00e1dy tohoto \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Tyto pr\u00e1ce \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvaly elektrofyziologick\u00fdch metod. \u0158e\u0161il i vztah \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se deprese a termin\u00e1ln\u00ed anoxick\u00e9 depolarizace. Origin\u00e1ln\u00ed jsou jeho pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed o ontogenetick\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se deprese v mozkov\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e a hipokampu. V momentu, kdy byla k dispozici metoda iontov\u011b selektivn\u00edch elektrod, se stal inici\u00e1torem a spoluautorem publikace definitivn\u011b prokazuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli draseln\u00fdch iont\u016f ve fenom\u00e9nu \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se deprese. Publikace po z\u00e1sluze p\u0159inesla sv\u00fdm autor\u016fm ozna\u010den\u00ed cita\u010dn\u00edch klasik\u016f. I p\u0159esto, \u017ee v oblasti fenom\u00e9nu \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se deprese EEG aktivity byl dr. Bure\u0161 uzn\u00e1vanou autoritou, nespokojil se s dosa\u017een\u00fdmi \u00fasp\u011bchy a zah\u00e1jil v\u00fdzkum v dal\u0161\u00ed oblasti neurov\u011bd.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se depresi pou\u017eil jako metodu do\u010dasn\u00e9ho vy\u0159azen\u00ed mozkov\u00fdch struktur v oblasti u\u010den\u00ed a pam\u011bti. Jeho d\u00edla publikovan\u00e1 s man\u017eelkou Olgou p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed precizn\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9 \u0161achov\u00e9 \u00falohy \u2013 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b analyzovali vznik, p\u0159enos a vybavov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch stop. Ani u tohoto t\u00e9matu se v\u0161ak dr. Bure\u0161 nezdr\u017eel natrvalo a znovu z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnil objekt v\u00fdzkumu. Od osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let se v\u011bnoval t\u00e9matu prostorov\u00e9 navigace, tj. schopnosti \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f naj\u00edt ve sv\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed c\u00edle, kterou lze pova\u017eovat za zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed analogii lidsk\u00e9 deklarativn\u00ed pam\u011bti. V oblasti prostorov\u00e9 navigace byl dr. J. Bure\u0161 nositelem p\u0159evratn\u00fdch my\u0161lenek a vyvinul n\u011bkolik z\u00e1sadn\u00edch behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f. Rozpracoval koncept lateralizace a transferu pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch stop; v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161lo o to, \u017ee selektivn\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed blok\u00e1dou nervov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b v jedn\u00e9 polovin\u011b mozku \u201ep\u0159im\u011bl pam\u011b\u0165ovou stopu\u201c us\u00eddlit se pouze v jedn\u00e9 hemisf\u00e9\u0159e mozku, odkud se mohla za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek p\u0159esunout do hemisf\u00e9ry druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dr. Bure\u0161 vyvinul z\u00e1sadn\u00ed inovace t\u00e9\u017e ve studiu chov\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159. tzv. radi\u00e1ln\u00ed vodn\u00ed bludi\u0161t\u011b, v n\u011bm\u017e potkan plaval a hledal ostr\u016fvek skryt\u00fd v jednom z ramen bludi\u0161t\u011b, a tak\u00e9 tzv. \u201eplatformu na vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c (on-demand platform). Platformu na vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavoval ostr\u016fvek zano\u0159en\u00fd hluboko pod hladinou; teprve pokud plavaj\u00edc\u00ed potkan pob\u00fdval v c\u00edlov\u00e9 oblasti po ur\u010ditou dobu, ostr\u016fvek se \u201evyno\u0159il\u201c a umo\u017enil zv\u00ed\u0159eti spo\u010dinout. Nen\u00ed bez zaj\u00edmavosti, \u017ee s\u00e1m vyn\u00e1lezce vodn\u00edho bludi\u0161t\u011b, badatel Richard Morris, tuto inovaci o p\u00e1r let pozd\u011bji o\u017eivil a pod n\u00e1zvem Atlantis platform s n\u00ed provedl n\u011bkolik z\u00e1sadn\u00edch studi\u00ed. Od devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let se dr. Bure\u0161 v\u011bnoval studiu tzv. m\u00edstov\u00fdch bun\u011bk (place cells), neuron\u016f signalizuj\u00edc\u00edch v mozku aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed polohu zv\u00ed\u0159ete. Publikoval n\u011bkolik dodnes citovan\u00fdch prac\u00ed a prosadil revolu\u010dn\u00ed koncept, \u017ee m\u00edstov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky je pot\u0159eba m\u011b\u0159it p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v prostorov\u00fdch \u00faloh\u00e1ch, abychom porozum\u011bli jejich roli v navigaci; v\u011bdci tyto neurony v devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech studovali v ar\u00e9n\u00e1ch, kde se zv\u00ed\u0159ata pohybovala n\u00e1hodn\u011b.<\/p>\n

V roce 1995 byl dr. Jan Bure\u0161 jako jedin\u00fd \u010cech trvale \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed mimo \u00fazem\u00ed USA jmenov\u00e1n \u010dlenem americk\u00e9 Akademie v\u011bd. I p\u0159es sv\u00e9 z\u00e1sluhy a presti\u017e z\u016fstal skromn\u00fdm a otev\u0159en\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bkem, pro kter\u00e9ho byla v\u011bda vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm posl\u00e1n\u00edm, a do konce sv\u00e9 aktivn\u00ed kari\u00e9ry se v\u011bnoval mlad\u00fdm koleg\u016fm. Za cel\u00fd \u017eivot z\u00edskal pro l\u00e1sku k v\u011bd\u011b a pozn\u00e1n\u00ed nespo\u010det mlad\u00fdch adept\u016f, a to d\u00edky mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b osobn\u00edmu a lidsk\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu, jemu\u017e nechyb\u011bl decentn\u00ed, av\u0161ak velmi osvobozuj\u00edc\u00ed humor.<\/p>\n

text: Ale\u0161 Stuchl\u00edk a Pavel Mare\u0161<\/em><\/p>\n

\"-\"<\/p>\n

Jan Bure\u0161 s man\u017eelkou Olgou<\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nky o Janu Bure\u0161ovi<\/h3>\n

Professor Jan Bures Obituary<\/a>\u00a0Fenton A; Nadel L,\u00a0J Neurosci Methods<\/em>\u00a0211(1): \u200f A1, 2012<\/p>\n

Obituary – Jan Bures<\/a>\u00a0Fenton AA; Nadel L, Front\u00a0Behav Neurosci<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a06: 62, 2012<\/p>\n

Jan Bures Obituary<\/a>\u00a0Nadel L; Fenton A, Eur\u00a0J Neurosci<\/em>\u00a0\u00a036 (6): \u200f2866,\u200f 2012<\/p>\n

Jan Bures Obituary<\/a>\u00a0Fenton AA; Nadel L,\u00a0Physiol Res<\/em>\u00a0\u00a061 (5): \u200f i-ii, 2012<\/p>\n

Jan Bures (1926-2012)<\/a>\u00a0Fenton AA; Nadel L; Wesierska M; et al.,\u00a0Acta Neurobiol Exp<\/em>\u00a072 (3): vii-viii, 2012<\/p>\n

Jan Bure\u0161 is Seventy-Five<\/a>\u00a0Fenton AA; Mare\u0161 P,\u00a0Physiol Res 51<\/em>\u00a0(Suppl 1): i, 2002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23442,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"oddeleni":[],"typ-pozice":[115,116],"ustav":[],"class_list":["post-35751","profil","type-profil","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","typ-pozice-byvali-pracovnici","typ-pozice-osobnosti-fgu"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/profil\/35751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/profil"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/profil"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/profil\/35751\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"oddeleni","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/oddeleni?post=35751"},{"taxonomy":"typ-pozice","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/typ-pozice?post=35751"},{"taxonomy":"ustav","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ustav?post=35751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}