{"id":30132,"date":"2024-08-23T20:15:41","date_gmt":"2024-08-23T18:15:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fgu.antstudio.dev\/?post_type=vyzkumny-projekt&p=30132"},"modified":"2024-10-29T15:18:37","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T14:18:37","slug":"anti-inflammatory-effects-of-novel-lipokines-of-fatty-acid-esters-of-hydroxy-fatty-acids-fahfa-family-in-obesity","status":"publish","type":"vyzkumny-projekt","link":"https:\/\/fgu.cas.cz\/en\/research-project\/anti-inflammatory-effects-of-novel-lipokines-of-fatty-acid-esters-of-hydroxy-fatty-acids-fahfa-family-in-obesity\/","title":{"rendered":"Anti-inflammatory effects of novel lipokines of fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) family in obesity"},"content":{"rendered":"
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White adipose tissue (WAT) is a complex endocrine organ and its low-grade inflammation in obesity contributes to the development of metabolic disorders. In 2014, a class of WAT-born lipid mediators – fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) was discovered [1]. FAHFAs are endogenous lipids with anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, including the enhancement of glucose tolerance, and insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion while reducing inflammatory responses [1-5]. They consist of a fatty acid (e.g. palmitic acid, PA) esterified to the hydroxyl group of a hydroxy fatty acid (e.g. hydroxystearic acid, HSA), abbreviated as PAHSA. The position of the branching carbon defines a regioisomer (e.g. 5-PAHSA). There are several regioisomer families derived from palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and docosahexaenoic acid with tissue-specific distribution documented so far [1-4, 6, 7]. Adipose tissue represents a major site of FAHFAs synthesis [1, 2<\/a>], but the biosynthetic enzymes involved are unknown [11<\/a>]. Serine hydrolase carboxyl ester lipase [8] and threonine hydrolases [9] were identified as FAHFA-metabolizing enzymes. In humans, FAHFAs were detected in the serum, breast milk, meconium, and adipose tissues [1, 2<\/a>, 10<\/a>].<\/p>\n

Example of PAHSA regioisomers:
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Network representation of FAHFA families<\/strong> linked according to the hydroxy-backbone and colored according to the esterified fatty acid [11<\/a>] (click for full image).<\/p>\n

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Our hypothesis is that novel FAHFAs derived\u00a0 from omega-3 PUFA, with anti-inflammatory\u00a0 properties, could be found in mice and humans and that they can beneficially affect adipose tissue metabolism in obesity,\u00a0 especially low-grade\u00a0 inflammation. We are also interested in FAHFA metabolic pathways, which seem to be as complex as eicosanoid-related pathways. Using experiments in cell cultures, mice and humans we explore\u00a0 the structures, effects\u00a0 on WAT inflammation,\u00a0 WAT glucose tolerance and molecular\u00a0 mechanisms of signaling\u00a0 of these new lipokines. Our results present a significant advance in research of the mechanisms connecting inflammation, metabolism, and nutritional lipids.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Metabolomics lab team members:<\/h2>\n