Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed throughout the brain and play important roles in the control of behaviour. The use of nAChRs as a therapeutic target is hindered by their widespread expression in different neuronal types that have antagonistic effects on behaviour. To uncover new avenues for more precise nicotinic therapy, we are genetically targeting nAChRs in a cell-type-specific manner, mapping the expression and function of nAChRs in individual neuronal types.